Monsanto’s Roundup (Glyphosate) Damages DNA, Says World Health Organisation Expert
世卫组织专家称孟山都农达(草甘膦)损伤DNA
(时间: 2015年7月15日;翻译：jrry86;原文连接：http://www.gmwatch.org/news/latest-news/16302-glyphosate-damages-dna-says-world-health-organisation-expert )
Glyphosate is “definitely genotoxic”, says Prof Chris Portier, a co-author of the report by the World Health Organisation’s cancer agency, which classed glyphosate as a probable carcinogen
撰写世界卫生组织癌症机构报告的作者之一Chris Portier教授说：草甘膦具有确定无疑的“基因毒性”，世卫把它归类为很可能致癌物质
Prof Christopher Portier, one of the co-authors of the recent report by the World Health Organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which determined that glyphosate is a probable carcinogen, said at a scientific briefing today, “Glyphosate is definitely genotoxic. There is no doubt in my mind.”
Portier教授是世卫组织下属国际癌症研究机构(IARC)最近发布的报告的作者之一，后者确认草甘膦很可能致癌。今天他在一个科学简报会上说，“草甘膦肯定具有基因毒性。我对此确信无疑。”
“Genotoxic” means it damages DNA. It is widely believed by regulators that for genotoxic chemicals that are also carcinogenic, as glyphosate appears to be, there is no safe level of exposure.
基因毒性意味着它损伤DNA。管理机构普遍认为基因毒性化学试剂也是致癌物，正如草甘膦所表现出来的那样，且没有安全剂量一说。
Prof Portier was speaking today at a scientific briefing in London organised by the Soil Association.
Portier教授今天在伦敦一个由土壤协会举办的科学简报会上作了发言。
The Soil Association is calling for a UK ban on the use of glyphosate sprayed on UK wheat as a pre-harvest weedkiller and its use to kill the crop to ripen it faster. New figures analysed by the Soil Association from government data were released at a scientific briefing in London on 15 July 2015. This revealed that glyphosate use in UK farming has increased by 400% in the last 20 years and it’s one of the three pesticides regularly found in routine testing of British bread – appearing in up to 30% of samples tested by the Defra committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (PRiF).
土壤协会呼吁英国禁止在小麦收割前喷洒草甘膦以杀灭杂草并对作物催熟。土壤协会在2015年7月15日于伦敦举办的科学简报会上公布了其根据政府数据分析得到的新结果，显示在过去20年中，英国草甘膦的使用量增加了400%，它是在英国面包中经常可以检测到的三种农药之一，占“食品中农药残留”组织(PRiF)所检测的样品中的30%。
At the briefing, Dr Robin Mesnage of the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at Kings College in London presented data showing Roundup is 1,000 times more toxic than glyphosate alone. He said, “Glyphosate is everywhere throughout our food chain – in our food and water. The lack of data on toxicity of glyphosate is not proof of safety and these herbicides cannot be considered safe without proper testing. We know Roundup, the commercial name of glyphosate-based herbicides, contains many other chemicals, which when mixed together are 1,000 times more toxic than glyphosate on its own.”
在简报会上，伦敦国王学院医学和分子遗传学系的Robin Mesnage博士展示的数据说明农达比单独的草甘膦毒性大1000倍。他说，“草甘膦存在于我们食物链的每个地方———在我们的食品和水中。草甘膦毒性数据的缺乏并不是其安全性的证明，不经过恰当的检验，不能认为这些除草剂是安全的。我们知道基于草甘膦的除草剂农达含有很多其它化学成分，当它们混合在一起时，其毒性比草甘膦本身大1000倍。”
Claire Robinson, an editor at GMWatch.org, said that the international response to the IARC finding had been dramatic: “Some retailers in Switzerland and Germany have removed glyphosate products from their shelves; France has committed to stop selling them to consumers via self-service by 2018. German states are calling for an EU wide ban. The Danish Working Environment Authority has declared glyphosate a carcinogen. El Salvador and Sri Lanka have banned it and the Colombia government has banned aerial spraying of the herbicide on coca crops.”
“转基因观察网站”(GMWatch.org)的编辑Claire Robinson说国际社会对IARC裁定的反应很有戏剧性：“瑞士和德国的一些零售商已经将草甘膦产品下架;法国承诺到2018年停止通过自助方式向消费者销售草甘膦。德国政府则呼吁欧盟禁止草甘膦。丹麦工作环境保护局宣布草甘膦致癌。萨尔瓦多和斯里兰卡禁止了草甘膦，而哥伦比亚政府则禁止对古柯作物航空喷洒该除草剂。
Three months ago, the World Health Organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), concluded, “Glyphosate is probably carcinogenic to humans”. The newly recognised dangers of glyphosate come against a background of increased use in the UK. Glyphosate is used in public parks and other urban areas to kill weeds. In the last year for which government figures are available, nearly a third of UK cereals, wheat and barley, were sprayed with glyphosate – a total of just over one million hectares.
三个月前，世卫组织国际癌症研究机构(IARC)作出结论，“草甘膦很可能对人类致癌”。这个对草甘膦危险性的新发现伴随着其在英国使用量大增这个背景。公园和市区其它地方都用草甘膦来除草。根据已有的去年的政府数据，英国近三分之一的谷物、小麦和大麦喷洒了草甘膦，刚好超过一百万公顷。
Peter Melchett, Soil Association Policy Director, said; “If glyphosate ends up in bread it’s impossible for people to avoid it, unless they are eating organic. On the other hand, farmers could easily choose not to use glyphosate as a spray on wheat crops – just before they are harvested. This is why the Soil Association is calling for the immediate ending of the use of glyphosate sprays on wheat destined for use in bread.”
土壤协会的负责人Peter Melchett说，“如果草甘膦出现在面包中，人们将无法避开它，除非他们吃有机食品。另一方面，农民们选择在小麦收割前不喷洒草甘膦是一件很容易做到的事情。这就是为什么土壤协会呼吁立即终止在小麦上喷洒草甘膦的原因，小麦最终会成为我们食用的面包。”
Claire Robinson said at the meeting that people cannot rely on regulators to protect their health: the battle will be won by consumers pressuring retailers to remove glyphosate from their shelves.
Claire Robinson在会上说，人们不能指望管理者来保护他们的健康：只有消费者向零售商施压要求他们将草甘膦下架，才能赢得这场战争。
In the case of bread, a Soil Association statement said retailers and manufacturers should insist their products don’t contain any glyphosate. Although the quantities found are below the official safety level, that limit was agreed before the latest scientific findings about the dangers of glyphosate. The glyphosate spraying season starts now. In the interests of human health and the quality of British bread, the government must call a halt to the spraying before it starts.
对于面包，土壤协会的一份声明说零售商和生产商应该确保其产品不含有任何草甘膦。虽然已经发现的残留量低于官方规定的安全限量，但那个安全限量是在最新的关于草甘膦危害性的科学结论出现之前所作出的。现在喷洒草甘膦的季节开始了。为了人类的健康和英国面包的质量着想，政府必须抢在其开始喷洒前下禁令。
A recent European study on city dwellers found that in the UK, 7 out of 10 people had traces of this weedkiller in their urine. The food industry tells us that the levels of glyphosate in food poses no danger to the British public. But the findings from IARC, and the cocktail of chemicals often found in bread, call this into serious question.
最近欧洲的一个针对城市居民的研究发现，在英国十个人中有七人的尿中存在痕量该除草剂。食品工业告诉我们食物中的草甘膦含有量对英国公众的健康没有影响。但是IARC的研究结果，以及面包中经常发现的多种化学试剂的混合物，都让这种宣传受到严重质疑。
The levels of glyphosate found in bread are well below the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) set by the EU. However, the MRL was set well before this latest determination by the WHO. In addition, the MRL for glyphosate has always been a matter of controversy because if glyphosate is an endocrine disrupter, as some scientists suggest, there may be no safe lower level for human consumption. Whatever the MRL, research into public opinion shows that the presence of any chemicals in food is one of the main health concerns for consumers, especially those with children.
面包中发现的草甘膦含量远低于欧盟设定的最大(允许)残留水平(MRL)。但是这个最大残留水平是早在世卫最新结论出来之前很久时所设定的。而且草甘膦的最大(允许)残留水平一直都备受争议，因为如果草甘膦像一些科学家认为的那样是一个内分泌干扰素的话，则根本不存在一个人类食用的安全下限。不管最大(允许)残留水平如何，对公众意见的研究显示，食品中存在的化学试剂对消费者来说都是主要的健康问题之一，特别是与儿童食品有关的。
Notes 注
1. The Soil Association has written in recent weeks to the Farming Minister at Defra, George Eustice MP, the President of the National Farmers’ Union, Meurig Raymond, the National Association of British and Irish Flour Millers, all the major supermarkets (ASDA, Co-op, M&S, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s, Tesco and Waitrose) and bread manufacturers (Hovis, Warburtons, Allied Bakery and Brace’s) calling for them to ensure no British wheat destined for bread-making is sprayed with glyphosate before this year’s harvest, and that none of the bread that they sell contains glyphosate weed-killer.
土壤协会最近几周给英国环境食品及农村事务部的农业部长、议员George Eustice，国家农民联合会主席Meurig Raymond，不列颠和爱尔兰面粉磨坊主全国协会，所有的主要超市(ASDA, Co-op, M&S, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s, Tesco和Waitrose)和面包生产商(Hovis, Warburtons, Allied Bakery和Brace’s)都写了信，呼吁他们保证在今年开始收获之前，不在用来做面包的英国麦子上喷洒草苷膦，并保证他们销售的面包不含草苷膦除草剂。
2. Professor Portier, Dr Mesnage and Claire Robinson were speaking at a Soil Association scientific briefing in Westminster on 15 July.
Portier教授，Mesnage博士和Claire Robinson于7月15日在西敏寺举办的土壤协会科学简报会上作了发言。
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